1、基本结构
There be + 主语 + 地点/ 时间状语。如：
There is a computer in the room.房间里有一台电脑。
There are two TV plays every evening.每晚有两场电视剧。2.主谓一致
要采取就近一致原则，和靠近 be 的主语一致。如：
There is a pen, two rulers in the box.盒子里有一只钢笔，两把尺子。
There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate.门口有两个男孩，一个老师。3.主语后的动词形式
在there be 句型中，主语与动词是主动关系时用现在分词；是被动关系时用过去分词。如：
There is a purse lying on the ground.地上有一个钱包。
There are five minutes left now.现在还有5分钟。4.反意疑问句。
反意疑问句应与 there be 对应，而不是依据主语。如：
There is a radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一台收音机，是吧？
There are more than fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你们班有50多名学生，是吧？ 5.there be 与 have 的替换
there be 表示所属时可与 have 替换。
There is nothing but a book in my bag.= I have nothing but a book in my bag.包里只有一本书。6.there be 后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
There is a lot of work to do.有许多工作要做。
注意：当该句型主语是 something, anything, nothing 等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同。
There is nothing to do.没有事可做。
There is nothing to be done.没有办法（束手无策）。7.与其它词连用，构成复合谓语。如：
There may be a rain this afternoon.今天下午可能有雨。
There used to be a cinema here before the war.战争之前，这儿有一家电影院。8.变体
there be 结构中的 be 有时可用 live, stand, remain 等代替。如：
Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else.从前有位国王喜欢新服胜过别的任何东西。9.习惯用语
There is no good /use(in)doing sth.做某事没有好处/用处；There is not a moment to lose.一刻也不能耽误。例如：
There is no good making friends with him.和他交朋友没有什么好处。
He is very ill.Send him to hospital.There's not a moment to lose.他病得厉害，把他送到医院去，一刻也不能耽误。
there be与have的比较
■不同之处
一、用法不同
there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。
二、结构不同
there be + sb./sth.+时间/地点（副词或介词短语）；sb./sth.+ have +sb./sth.else There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。She has three cars.她拥有三辆汽车。（汽车是属于她的）■相同之处
1、表示某物体在结构上“装有”“配备有”“固有”时，两者均可用。如：
A clock has a round face.= There is a round face on a clock.钟面上有一个圆型的钟盘。
Each house on the street has a small yard.= There is a small yard in each house on the street.这条街旁的每栋房子都有一座小花园。
2、当have表示“包括”时，可以用 There be 替换。如：
A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。
3、当 have 表示“存在”时，可以用 There be 替换，如： Our village has only one street.=There is only one street in our village.我们村里只有一条街。
This country has rich resources, such as oil, coal and iron.=There is rich resources, such as oil, coal and iron, in this country 这个国家有丰富的资源，如石油、煤和铁等。
as if 用法归纳
1． as if 从句的作用
as if一般可由as though来代替。可在look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句。如：
He looked as if / though he was ill.他看起来好像生病了。
It seems as if it is going to rain.看来好像要下雨了。
它还可引导方式状语从句。如：
I remember the whole thing as if / though it happened yesterday.我记得整个事情，就好像它是发生在昨天一样。
The child talked to us as if he were a grown?鄄up.那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。
2． as if 从句的语气及时态
① 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句用陈述语气。如： It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像在下雨。
He talks as if he is drunk.从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。
② 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，as if从句用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：
You look as if you didn’t care.你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talked as if he knew what had happened.他说话的样子，好像他知道发生了什么事情。
表示与过去或与谈话时间为止发生的事实相反，谓语动词用“had +过去分词”。如：
He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.他说起长城来好像他以前去过那里。
The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头。
表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would / could / might + 动词原形”。如：
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if it might snow.看来好像要下雪了。
3． as if从句中的省略
如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词等成份，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）或动词-ing形式等。
He acts as if(he was)a fool.他做事像个傻子。
He paused as if(he was going)to let the sad memory pass.他停了下来，就好像要把悲伤的记忆抹去。
The girl left the room hurriedly as if(she was)angry.女孩匆忙离开房间，好像生气的样子。
From time to time, Jason turned round as if(he was)searching for someone.贾森不时地转过身来，好象在找人。
1.there be结构的主谓一致
在英语里表示什么地方或时间存在什么事情就用此结构，句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语。其中there是引导词，本身没有词意，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。be的数与后面的名词一致，若be后是两个或多个并列的名词，be则与靠得最近的那个名词的数一致。如： There was a meeting yesterday.昨天有个会议。
There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和好些铅笔。
比较：There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk.2.there be与have的比较(1)用法不同：there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。
（2）结构不同：there be + sb./sth.+时间/地点（副词或介词短语）；sb./sth.+ have +sb./sth.else There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。
She has three cars.她拥有三辆汽车。（汽车是属于她的）注：若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如：
A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。
3.there be的否定和疑问
（1）否定式：be后面加not(any)或no。如：
There are not any boats on the river.河上没有船。(2)疑问句：是把be移到there的前面来。如：
Are there any boat on the river? 河上有船吗？
Yes, there are.。（No, there are not.）有。（没有。）
注：若有别的助动词时就不一样了，请看：
There won’t be a football match tomorrow, will there? 明天没有足球赛，对吗？
There usedn’t to be a tall tree here, used/didn’t ther? 以前这里有棵高树，是不是？
There seems to be something wrong with you, doesn’t there? 你好像有些不舒服，对吗？
There happened to be a well there, didn’t there? 那里碰巧有口井，是不是？
4.there be结构的时态
there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如： There was a sport meeting in the playground yesterday.昨天在运动场举行了一场运动会。
There will be（=There is going to be）a new There is to be a concert at the school hall.学校礼堂有场音乐会。There have been a lot of accidents round here.这里已经发生多起事故了。He told me that there had been an argument between them.他告诉我们之间发生了一场争论。
There will have been a definite result by Friday.到星期五前就已经有明确的结果了。There must be a mistake somewhere.一定在什么地方有错误。
There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下了雨，因为地是湿的。
5.there be结构的变体
该结构中，有时be还可以被live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等动词代替。如： Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一个老人。
There remained just twenty-eight pounds.只剩二十八英镑了。
There seems little doubt that he is insane.似乎没有多少疑问他的神经不正常。
6.there be的非限定形式 there be的非限定形式是there to be和there being，主要用来做介词或动词的宾语、主语或状语。如：
Have you ever thought of there being so many interesting films for you to choose from?没想到过有这么多有趣的电影供你选择吧？
John was relying on there being another opportunity.约翰相信另有机会。There being a bus stop so near my house is a great advantage.有公交车停在离我房子这么近的地方是很大的优势。There having been no rain, the ground was dry.由于没有下雨，地上很干燥。
It’s unusual for there to be so few people in the street.（=It’s unusual that there are so few people in the street）这条街上这么少的人是不寻常的。It was too late for there to be any subways.太晚了，不会有地铁了。Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem? 你们要开个会讨论一下这个问题吗？ I don’t want there to be a simple mistake in the article that I have written.我不想我写的这篇文章中有错误。
I except there to be no argument about this.我期限望对此事没有争论的。注：there to be常做like, expect, mean, want, intend, prefer, hate等的复合宾语。
7.there be的固定句型
There be +名词或代词+to do（+介词）有某事要做 There be + some/no+ trouble/difficulty（in)doing sth/with sth.做某事(没）有困难
There be + some/no + doubt about/as to sth / that„ 对某事（没)有疑问 There is no sense/use/good/point(in）doing sth 做某事没有道理/用处/好处/意义
There is no need（for sb.）to do sth/that„（某人）做某事没有必要 There is no chance/possibility to do sth/of doing sth./that„ 没有做某事的机会/可能性
There was no arguing with her.没法和她争辩。
There is a time when.。.有做某事的一段时间